![]() ![]() In the late 20th century and continuing into the 21st century, with civil servants using computers and information technology, a legacy from the administration of the Spanish Empire can still be observed where some parts of the higher levels of the Spanish administration continue the tradition of using red tape to bind important dossiers that need to be discussed and to keep them bound in red tape when the dossier is closed. To this day, most defense barristers' briefs, and those from private clients, are tied in a pink-coloured ribbon known as "pink tape" or "legal tape". In David Copperfield, Charles Dickens wrote, "Britannia, that unfortunate female, is always before me, like a trussed fowl: skewered through and through with office-pens, and bound hand and foot with red tape." The English practice of binding documents and official papers with red tape was popularized in Thomas Carlyle's writings, protesting against official inertia with expressions like "Little other than a red tape Talking-machine, and unhappy Bag of Parliamentary Eloquence". The tradition continued through to the 17th and 18th century. Īlthough they were not governing such a vast territory as Charles V, this practice of using red tape to separate the important dossiers that had to be discussed was quickly copied by the other modern European monarchs to speed up their administrative machines. ![]() The red tape was used to bind the most important administrative dossiers that required immediate discussion by the Council of State, and separate them from issues that were treated in an ordinary administrative way, which were bound with ordinary string. It is generally believed that the term originated with the Spanish administration of Charles V, King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor, in the early 16th century, who started to use red tape in an effort to modernize the administration that was running his vast empire. Origins Bundle of US pension documents from 1906 bound in red tape A related concept, administrative burden, refers to the costs citizens may experience in their interaction with government even if bureaucratic regulations or procedures serve legitimate purposes. Red tape has been found to hamper organizational performance and employee wellbeing across countries and contexts by a meta-analysis and meta-regression in 2021, and especially internal red tape imposed by the organization itself on its employees was identified as particularly harmful. Things often described as "red tape" include filling out paperwork, obtaining licenses, having multiple people or committees approve a decision and various low-level rules that make conducting one's affairs slower, more difficult, or both. It is usually applied to governments, corporations, and other large organizations. Red tape is an idiom referring to regulations or conformity to formal rules or standards which are claimed to be excessive, rigid or redundant, or to bureaucracy claimed to hinder or prevent action or decision-making. For other uses, see Red tape (disambiguation). ![]() Though this may not seem like a lot, it’s comparable to the genetic component of complex behaviors in humans and other primates, such as grooming or alloparenting, which is care provided by individuals other than parents, Savolainen said.This article is about the idiom referring to excessive bureaucratic regulation. Perhaps the stronger social bonds formed during these sexual encounters strengthened their coalitions and ultimately gave participants greater access to females, the researchers wrote.īy examining the behaviors of related macaques over multiple generations, the study authors determined that about 6% of same-sex sexual behavior could be explained by genetics. The trend wasn’t statistically significant, but it was enough to confirm that same-sex behavior didn’t have a reproductive cost - something that Savolainen said he was surprised to find. After examining the offspring count for all 236 males, the researchers found that the more times a monkey paired up with a fellow male, the higher his offspring count tended to be. Indeed, engaging in same-sex mounting did not negatively affect a macaque’s overall reproductive success. That could be a sign that in some cases, the couplings “could partially function as ‘practice’ for future reproductive activity,” they wrote. The younger a macaque, the more likely he was to engage in same-sex encounters, the study authors found. Science & Medicine Study Links Male Gays, Birth of Older BrothersĪ mother’s antibodies may change with each boy, raising chances the next will be homosexual. ![]()
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